PDF Download The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET
This is a few of the advantages to take when being the member and also get the book The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET right here. Still ask just what's different of the other website? We supply the hundreds titles that are developed by suggested writers and also publishers, all over the world. The link to purchase and also download The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET is likewise really simple. You might not locate the difficult site that order to do even more. So, the means for you to get this The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET will be so simple, will not you?
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET
PDF Download The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET
The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET Actually, book is truly a window to the globe. Even many people may not like reading publications; guides will certainly always offer the specific info concerning reality, fiction, experience, journey, politic, religion, as well as more. We are here a website that provides compilations of books more than guide store. Why? We give you bunches of numbers of connect to obtain guide The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET On is as you require this The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET You can locate this book conveniently right here.
It can be one of your early morning readings The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET This is a soft data publication that can be survived downloading from online book. As recognized, in this sophisticated period, innovation will certainly alleviate you in doing some activities. Also it is just checking out the presence of book soft file of The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET can be extra function to open up. It is not just to open up and save in the gizmo. This time in the morning and also other free time are to read guide The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET
The book The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET will always give you favorable value if you do it well. Completing guide The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET to read will not become the only objective. The goal is by getting the favorable worth from guide till the end of guide. This is why; you should discover more while reading this The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET This is not just just how quickly you review a book as well as not only has the amount of you completed the books; it is about exactly what you have obtained from guides.
Considering guide The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET to check out is also required. You could decide on guide based upon the favourite styles that you like. It will certainly engage you to enjoy reviewing various other books The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET It can be additionally about the requirement that binds you to read the book. As this The Revolt Of The Masses, By Jose Ortega Y GASSET, you could find it as your reading publication, also your preferred reading book. So, find your favourite publication below and also get the link to download and install guide soft documents.
- Sales Rank: #9806858 in Books
- Published on: 1969
- Binding: Paperback
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
THE SPANISH PHILOSOPHER DEPLORES THE "ACCESSION OF THE MASSES... TO SOCIAL POWER"
By Steven H Propp
José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) was a Spanish philosopher, who also wrote books like An Interpretation of Universal History, History as a System and Other Essays Toward a Philosophy of History, etc. He wrote in the Prefatory Note to this 1930 book, "I have treated the subject developed in the present essay in my book `España Invertebrada'... in an article... and in two lectures... My purpose now is to collect and complete that I have already said, so as to produce an organic doctrine concerning the most important fact of our time."
He begins the book with the statement, "There is one fact which, whether for good or ill, is of utmost importance in the public life of Europe at the present moment. This fact is the accession of the masses to complete social power." (Pg. 9) He continues, "The characteristic of the hour is that the commonplace mind, knowing itself to be commonplace, has the assurance to proclaim the rights of the commonplace and to impose them wherever it will... The mass crushes beneath it everything that is different, everything that is excellent, individual, qualified and select. Anybody who is not like everybody, who does not think like everybody, runs the risk of being eliminated... Nowadays, `everybody' is the mass alone. Here we have the formidable fact of our times, described without any concealment of the brutality of its features." (Pg. 14)
He states, "What I have said, and still believe with ever-increasing conviction, is that human society IS always, whether it will or no, aristocratic by its very essence, to the extreme that it is a society in the measure that it is aristocratic, and ceases to be such when it ceases to be aristocratic." (Pg. 16) He calls the "starting-point of this essay" the question, "Whence have come all these multitudes which nowadays fill to overflowing the stage of history?" (Pg. 38)
He explains, "My thesis, therefore, is this: The very perfection with which the nineteenth century gave an organization to certain orders of existence has caused the masses benefited thereby to consider it, not as an organized, but as a natural system. This is explained and defined the absurd state of mind revealed by these masses; they are only concerned with their own well-being, and at the same time they remain alien to the cause of that well-being. As they do not see, beyond the benefits of civilization, marvels of invention and construction which can only be maintained by great effort and foresight, they imagine that their role is limited to demanding these benefits peremptorily, as if they were natural rights. In the disturbances caused by scarcity of food, the mob goes in search of bread, and the means it employs is generally to wreck the bakeries." (Pg. 45) Later, he adds, "My thesis was that nineteenth-century civilization has automatically produced the mass-man." (Pg. 82)
He asserts, "When all these things are lacking there is no culture; there is in the strictest sense of the word, barbarism. And let us not deceive ourselves, this is what is beginning to appear in Europe under the progressive rebellion of the masses... Properly speaking, there are no barbarian standards. Barbarism is the absence of standards to which an appeal can be made." (Pg. 55) He continues, "...there appears for the first time in Europe a new type of man who does not want to give reasons or to be right, but simply shows himself resolved to impose his opinions. This is the new thing: the right not to be reasonable, the `reason of unreason.' Here I see the most palpable manifestation of the new mentality of the masses, due to their having decided to rule society without the capacity for doing so." (Pg. 56)
He states, "I do not believe in the absolute determinism of history. On the contrary, I believe that all life, and consequently the life of history, is made up of simple moments, each of them relatively undetermined in respect of the previous one, so that in it reality hesitates, walks up and down, and is uncertain whether to decide for one or other of various possibilities. It is this metaphysical hesitancy which gives to everything living its unmistakable character of tremulous vibration." (Pg. 59)
He clarifies, "I am not attempting to solve the eternal dilemma of revolution and evolution. The most that this essay dares to demand is that the revolution or the evolution be historical and not anachronistic. The theme I am pursuing in these pages is politically neutral, because it breathes an air much ampler that that of politics and its dissensions. Conservative and Radical are none the less mass, and the difference between them---what at every period has been superficial---does not in the least prevent them both being one and the same man---the common man in rebellion. There is no hope for Europe unless its destiny is placed in the hands of man really `contemporaneous,'' man... who realize the present level of existence, and abhor every archaic and primitive attitude." (Pg. 73)
He observes, "When the mass acts on its own, it does so only in one way, for it has no other: it lynches. It is not altogether by chance that lynch law comes from America, for America is, in a fashion, the paradise of the masses. And it will cause less surprise, nowadays, when the masses triumph, that violence should triumph and be made ... the one doctrine." (Pg. 89) He warns, "This is the gravest danger that today threatens civilization: State intervention; the absorption of all spontaneous social effort by the State, that is to say, of spontaneous historical action, which in the long run sustains, nourishes, and impels human destinies." (Pg. 92)
He contends, "The majority of men have no opinions, and these have to be pumped into them from outside, like lubricants into machinery. Hence it is necessary that some mind or other should hold and exercise authority, so that the people without opinions---the majority---can start having opinions. For without these, the common life of humanity would be chaos, a historic void, lacking in any organic structure. Consequently, without a spiritual power, without someone to command, and in proportion as this is lacking, chaos reigns over mankind." (Pg. 99)
He concludes, "This is the question: Europe has been left without a moral code. It is not that the mass-man has thrown over an antiquated one in exchange for a new one, but that at the very centre of his scheme of life there is precisely the aspiration to live without confirming to any moral code... Immoralism has become a commonplace, and anybody and everybody boasts of practising it." (Pg. 142) He goes on, "The this essay an attempt has been made to sketch a certain type of European, mainly by analyzing his behavior as regards the very civilization into which he was born. This had to be done because that individual does not represent a new civilization ... but a mere negation. Hence it did not serve our purpose to mix up the portrayal of his mind with the great question: What are the radical defects from which modern European culture suffers? For it is evident that in the long run the form of humanity dominant at the present day has its origin in these defects." (Pg. 144)
This is one of Ortega's most stimulating and controversial works; it will be of great interest to students of modern political and cultural philosophy.
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET PDF
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET EPub
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET Doc
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET iBooks
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET rtf
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET Mobipocket
The Revolt of the Masses, by Jose Ortega y GASSET Kindle
No comments:
Post a Comment